Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Audit - aerobatics in accountancy


The first way: knowledge - adopted

The scope of the auditor's activity is quite broad. He should have an excellent knowledge accounting and reporting, monetary issues, credit and pricing, the basics of economics, law, sociology, computer science, methods of financial analysis. And without higher economic education to such a specialist is indispensable.

Department of Accounting and audit established at many metropolitan universities, such as the Kiev Institute of Management and Finance, Kyiv National Economic University, International University of Finance. Particular attention is paid to the training of future auditors in the accounting and economic faculty of the State Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit of the State Committee of Statistics of Ukraine, at which operates the National Center for Accounting and Auditing - the only educational structure in the country, which is preparing for the official certification of national auditors.

Academy can enter the like immediately after the secondary school (the first course), and after a profile or college College (the second or the third course). Applicants shall be entered on a competitive basis according to the results of entrance exams in the Ukrainian language and mathematics.
The second way: a chief accountant does not dream of ...

Accountants, economists, financial and others with higher education may, if desired retrain to auditors. Diploma in the specialty "Accounting and Auditing" on the basis of complete higher education (not necessarily economic profile) can be obtained at the State Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Auditing. Study - correspondence. Enrollment - based on interviews. Duration of training - a half years.

Training Institute of Ukrainian industry staff also offers to get a second degree in "Accounting and Auditing" on a paid basis. Students can choose either part-time, and part-time form of education to provide education on the job. Upon graduation he issued a state diploma.

Even a professional auditor is obliged to continuously improve knowledge in the field of accounting, taxation, finance and civil law, audit methods, legislation, national and international standards of accounting and auditing standards. Training, seminars, round tables and conferences on the subject organized by the National Center for Accounting and Auditing, open at the State Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Auditing. Here beginners auditors will help you prepare for certification. After all, today only certified professionals can engage in independent auditing.

According to the Law of Ukraine "On Auditing" to be trained at the center has the right not everyone: it is necessary to have a higher education (economic, legal, accounting) and work experience of at least three years. Increase the professional level of accountants and auditors in the audit established at the Kiev group of the Academy of Management and Auditing, the faculty which has developed a series of modular programs, as well as the exchange rate system and training seminars to improve the skills.

Cook - the most delicious and creative profession


The specifics of the profession

 Pros profession: Stable income and demand in the labor market.
Cons profession: a large exercise stand for eight to ten hours at the stove is not as easy as it sounds; DC voltage attention to relax when you have to cut the salad and follow the two pots on the stove is unlikely.

Students are given the opportunity to apply their knowledgein cafes, restaurants, bars and cafeterias of the city. Many are already in practice are the future place of work.

The cook must be aesthetic taste, imagination, creative inclinations, or on sandwiches and scrambled eggs he leaves.

Education: College of the specialty "Cook", after training is assigned to Category 3.
Career

Cooks, college graduates assigned to the third category. With it you can go to the assistants to the cook, gradually promoted to sous-chef of the right hand of the chef, and finally to the chef. Chef, it is 5-6 digits. In recent years, many graduates of colleges and high schools to go hunting in a private chef and cutlery private firms.
Study "tasteful"

In medieval Europe, cook boys accustomed to the kitchen since the age of five. Today, the development of the profession begins after the 9th or 11th grade. In the first case study will have two - three years, in the second - a year or two, depending on where you arrive: in a vocational school or college.

On specialty "Cook", as a rule, there is no entrance examination. To become a student, you just have to pass an interview where you will be asked why you chose this profession can ask range of interests, hobbies. Teachers is important to understand how well you can imagine what awaits you at the time of study and work, and how you are ready for it. The cook must be aesthetic taste, imagination, creative inclinations, or on sandwiches and scrambled eggs he leaves.

Do not be surprised if the teachers at the interview will look at your grades in the school leaving certificate - with a rigorous selection troechnikov-slobs do not take.

Wishes to become a chef must be prepared:

 to a great physical effort - to stand for eight to ten hours at the stove is not as easy as it sounds;
 DC voltages of attention - relax when it is necessary to cut the salad and follow the two pots on the stove is unlikely.

And you will probably say that to be a chef - a vocation. However, as the selection committee will determine whether you are called to this craft, it is hard to say, maybe experienced teachers have professional secrets.
What is taught in the specialty "Cook"

 cook tasty and wholesome food - from ordinary dishes up culinary delights;
 original draw dishes;
 lay the table;
 Professional make diet;
 compile a list of the necessary for the purchase of products;
 select high-quality products;
 compose menu.

learning

Receipt - one, and learning - something quite different: in the classrooms of a fantasy and wit, you will not manage. We'll have to remember the biology and chemistry - these subjects are at the heart of many professional cooks disciplines: cooking, merchandising, sanitation and hygiene, confectionery technology.

For the chefs cooking and merchandising is like reading and arithmetic for first graders. On cooking classes, you will learn with the preparation of appetizers, salads, soups, hot dishes, etc. And teachers teach-merchandisers understand what should be the product -.. The taste, color and smell, to touch.


Myths about the teaching profession


Profession, there is not the first millenium in the world and the myths about her were formed depending on the era. Common in this mythology was that until recently was considered the teacher almost "First After God" and has accumulated all the knowledge, science and wisdom of the world. Today the situation has changed. Let's try to dispel some of the "well-established" modern myths about the teaching profession.
Myth 1: The teacher - a female profession

In our schools male teachers is practically not observed.

In fact. The myth is partly true. Yes, indeed, the majority of the teaching staff in our schools predominantly female. Educator But man is not such a rarity, though, of course, wanted to be more of them. In vocational schools, for example, where he studied predominantly male occupations (mechanic, builder, and so on. D.), Teachers and trainers belonging to the strong floor, enough to not be considered a team, "a woman's kingdom." The same can be said about the universities. In secondary schools, the situation is diametrically opposite. Why do our men do not wish to teach, though, if you remember the story, then until the end of the XIX century, when it began to actively develop the feminist movement, the teachers were mostly men. Even in Soviet times, the stronger sex does not shun the profession. The answer lies in the plane of the material: now a teacher's salary is very difficult to feed themselves, let alone a family. A normal man would feel very uncomfortable, knowing that it is not able to provide the children and the household.
Myth 2. All teachers dictators

Accustomed to command school, transferred the manner of communication in the family and to others.

In fact. You should not generalize. Although, in general, we can agree that some "professional" teachers imposes print job, however, like any other. Many teachers are accustomed to be listened without interrupting, to express their opinion to others (even if it is quite adults) strict, peremptory tone, they always know everything and are ready to defend their opinion to the latter. However, this does not necessarily indicate any dictatorial this particular individual. Have you ever tried to go to class, sit where thirty nimble teenagers to tell, for example, the works of Pushkin. Moreover, to tell about it so that at least half of the children (at best) to be informed and wanted to check out the works of the great poet. But you need more time to interview the children, put the evaluation. But first, a class need to sit down and set to work. All this is, firstly, takes a lot of emotional resources, and secondly, requires a certain strength of character and the ability to influence people. A good teacher is not only someone who loves children, knows his subject, he should be able to manage this "motley" Diverse and weight. Of course, the daily need someone to organize, teach, educate, sometimes to punish leaves its mark on the character of the teacher.

Another statement, indirectly associated with the myth of the "dictatorial" manners teachers, reads as follows: the teachers had no time for their children. Like, most importantly, that the child was dressed, fed, into the intricacies of his inner world to delve once, to execute children that tells the mother, and if that "mutiny on the ship 'will be suppressed. This "polumif" partly true. Yes, the teacher, like many other parents, are forced to spend time with their children less than we would like, because the work takes a lot of effort. But, firstly, who said that every minute to be with child and 'lisp' pedagogically over it right? Secondly, whatever it was, the teachers teach the method of educating the younger generation and the different teaching methods, so that they are sufficiently "grounded" in the case. Of course, it happens that teachers,
Myth 3. The teacher must first of all a thorough knowledge of his subject and be able to present it interesting

After all, his main duty - teaching, all other secondary functions.

In fact. It would, in principle, not so difficult to work as a teacher, if his job was only to teach the subject. Came, he scolded the required hours and with peace of mind went home to prepare for the next lesson. It's not as simple as a teacher at the school - it is also a teacher, the class teacher. He is responsible for school attendance, academic achievement level, conducts educational hours, organizes visits to the theater, cinema, exhibitions, museums, and so on. D. And, if necessary, conducting "explanatory" work with parents. On paper listed it does not seem so difficult. But believe me: not just look into the soul of every child to understand what motivates them, why he, for example, a good ability to learn bad, why Dima always walks depressed, and Marina, on the contrary, unnaturally cheerful. Moreover, sometimes the most elementary "secular" way the theater can be a challenge to teachers nerves, as children, if they wanted to, unable to sit still for a long time. When I used to take his players to the circus, they had to count on each station (that's you and dictatorial methods). However, my students, this "procedure" terribly amused.

The teacher not only teaches the subject, he is fully responsible for the life and health of children in the classroom and extracurricular activities. And the teacher should develop children morally and spiritually, it is, believe me, it is much more complicated.
Myth 4: The teacher of the year teaching the same thing, because the curricula vary insignificantly

In fact. Program, of course, undergo some changes, but even if every year had to read the same thing, to the letter, uninteresting learning process can not become. After all, children are always something different, moreover, is not even the same class. The 9-A, for example, go with a vague anxiety, not knowing what surprise is waiting for you at this time, and in the 9-B sends with peace of mind, because the lessons are amazingly productive, children are concentrated. Sometimes students ask such questions that, even knowing the lesson material by heart, having read additional literature and thinking on the subject is impossible to know more, that's amazing, and did not immediately find that answer. To work in the school is always difficult, but believe me, never a dull moment.
Myth 5. Today, the teaching profession underpaid and not prestigious

The high status of the worker lost education. Occupation has no benefits and bonuses.

In fact. Indeed, when viewed objectively, the profession today lost some "weight". Payment of the teacher labor, alas, does not meet modern realities, so young people are not willing to teach. Naturally, this significantly affects the prestige of the profession. But! The degree of respect of a teacher in the first place depends on him, as well as the prestige of the school depends on its leadership. There are teachers on the lessons to which children run in pripryzhku and parents just praying, that the stars were so that their offspring class teacher was exactly OH. There are schools, the most simple, does not bear the honorable title of "High School" or "gymnasium", which simply can not get through because of the influx of parents who just here to enroll their children.

As for the benefits and bonuses, they are. For example, the rental 56 days (such available unless operating under extreme conditions), an additional output (Methodological) per day.

Many people think that the main thing for the teacher - the love of children. Part of this is acceptable. But you can endlessly to love their children and do not know how to work with them to shape their inner world, bring up. The teacher must not only love their children, to know his subject very well, to be a good teacher, he still should have a fine, as I call it, the psychological intuition and observation. It is sold only in the process, with the experience.

The basic qualities that should be possessed brand manager


What prevents the brands to be successful? The answer is simple - the quality and knowledge of the people who run them. And in many ways - from a misunderstanding of the brand manager.

In fact, it does not matter what the name of the man responsible for one of your company's most important assets - the brand. This may be the owner of the company, and Director of Marketing and Product Manager, and yet matter-so-called-head. The essence remains the same. This person is responsible for the profitability and efficiency of your brand. Therefore, it may be called a brand manager.

Communicating with top managers from various companies, from time to time you hear some myths about brand management, which are particularly harmful to the brand and the business.
Myth 1. Brand Manager - generator brilliant ideas

Many people think that the task of the brand manager - to come up with the name, design, advertising, branding and other elements of the brand. As an example, it is possible to bring the situation of a psychological training for control of marketing. When it came to discussing the different types of personalities, many have suggested that the brand manager - a creative person with a "head in the heavens" and the theoretical approach to life.

This error leads to a paradox. Brand manager spends almost all his time to the design of different products, advertising and so on. E., As these products are poorly sold, and he does not have time for such important tasks as understanding consumer preferences, coordination of complex advertising projects, coordinating the development of new product / brand.

In fact, the generation of ideas - not the most important task. Ideas can create a special agency, whose services are cheaper since your brand manager. Much more important - statement of the problem for these ideas.
Myth 2. Brand-managers - the creator of advertising

Some companies really believe that brand - it is an advertisement. The error was that the advertising of their brands respond poorly value to consumers of specific products. They spent huge amounts of money that are not paying off. There are many examples today. About 80% of advertising, which is available on the street, in the subway, on television, does not sell goods.

And in order to sell advertising, you need to understand that advertising - part of the brand, but not the most important thing in it. Before making effective advertising, you need to spend a lot of research to determine the brand strategy, brand positioning and its other values. It is also necessary to accurately calculate the future effectiveness of advertising and business plan of the entire brand.

Accordingly, advertising itself is part of the brand strategy. To create it, there are advertising agencies, the cost of services is less than the cost of your time brand manager. The task of the brand manager - make the brand successful and profitable.
Myth 3. Brand-managers - any manager who has worked with well-known brands

Such situations are many, he comes to interview the man and says, in a cool subdivision multinational company he worked for, and for any well-known brands in the company, he was responsible. And that he's responsible for the budget, and for the promotion, and long-term strategy, and so on. D. And he clearly knows terms like brand essence, brand image, above-the-line.

Not to be mistaken in a person, find out more about projects that have been carried them on their own. Are there any real results of these projects? Whether as a result of increased efficiency of the brand, whether sales have increased? Does this person own brand launched?

If a brand manager is fluent profit and can accurately calculate the profitability of the brand, then maybe he really professional.

Here are just some of the extremes in the wrong understanding of the challenges the brand manager. Although the actual error is much greater.
Who is really - this mythical brand manager?

As it turned out personal interviews and surveys, the majority of marketing professionals in the US and Europe, highlighted 4 major qualities, which must have a good brand manager.

 Project management

By this is meant the ability to organize all the specialist phase of the project - from the selection of ideas and ending with the assessment of the implementation of the project. As well as the ability to manage project resources - time, people, external partners, etc. According to many professionals, this quality is one of the main, because the whole brand management process consists of the projects -.. Such as the study of behavior and consumer attitudes, determination positioning elements of the brand launch, support and upgrades at different stages of the life cycle and so on. d.

 communicative

It means the professional's ability to fully, clearly and accurately convey the idea to the audience. Whether it directly to consumers, advertising agencies and business owners.

It is also very important because in general the essence of the profession - in the right sense, and persuading people to use your idea, product, business plan ...

 analyticity

The essence of the skill and ability to brand manager to analyze the huge flow of different information and make the right conclusions. Typically, high-quality brand management is necessary to process an enormous, truly enormous amount of information. And, despite the presence of various assistants and analysts, most of the conclusions of this information have to do brand manager.

 Creativity (creative thinking)

Professionals agree that a brand manager shall not engage in the creative development of the brand (creating names, slogans, campaigns, scenarios ...) yourself. It is harmful for the brand, as it takes too much time and effort, which is not enough for more important things (to coordinate projects, monitoring the effectiveness of sales ...). Directly creative development should be delegated to special agencies.

But creativity, ie creativity, brand manager required for the adoption of non-standard solutions for general brand strategy, as well as the final decisions on the development of advertising and creative agencies. After all, non-standard - that can identify you on the market of thousands of similar offerings.

In addition, the brand manager must know the theory of branding. And to understand at least the basics of subjects such as:

 consumer behavior;
 theory of marketing research;
 segmentation and positioning;
 values ​​and brand attributes;
 communication and marketing;
 pricing, business planning and budgeting;
 financial planning and valuation of the brand;
 basics of sales and distribution;
 basics of merchandising and trade marketing, and more - plus practice.

brand management - the science is not an exact and a good brand manager must possess the practical skills obtained in specific projects.

Stewardess - this romantic profession


Fortunately, things have changed. But even today, growth and stewardesses weight must be in strict proportion. Abnormally thin women in flight attendants do not take, but the harmony is still in vogue. Thus, according to the requirements of the airline "International Airlines of Ukraine", the standard rate "minus the weight of growth" must be greater than 105. The minimum height for candidates - 164 cm (to easily keep the upper part of the passenger compartment in order), and the maximum - 175 cm.

But if a few centimeters high, employers will be able to forgive, it is the extreme limit of - 185 cm - relevant for male cabin crew (the limit is due to elementary and high ceilings in the aircraft cabin).

Flight attendants must be beautiful by definition. Stewardess - face of the company and an attractive face, as psychologists say, trust life much easier. Soiskatelnits need to be concerned about the ideal image in addition to a resume.

At the same CV (according to the latest trends) desirable record of higher education. Preference - graduates of the Medical University and the National University of Foreign Languages. For another, it is desirable to add a diploma certificate of completion of language courses. Flawless English - one of the basic requirements of the employer. By law, the communication with passengers assumes knowledge of Ukrainian and English, and the third, optional, - an invaluable bonus for applicants.

Competition for employment usually consists of three stages: interviews, psychological testing and medical examination. Ideally, candidates should be welcoming, balanced and perfectly healthy. Particular attention is paid during the medical examination eyesight (it should be almost absolute), cardiovascular and nervous systems. Contrary to popular myth centrifuges flight attendants do not rotate. Their vestibular system can be easily checked in the otolaryngologist's office. The subject sits in a chair, and the doctor only three times around the axis of the swivel chair, watching at the same time the situation of the future of flight attendants body. If the head leans to one side, it means that serious breaches of the applicant in the vestibular system: a candidate sent for further examination.
celestial school

And only after all the tests of the future of flight attendants sent for training, which is usually paid by the employer. Profession can be learned in the main training and certification centers of Ukraine and the International Civil Aviation Aviation Training Center. Educational programs at both centers are the same in many respects.

The fundamental difference - in the type of aircraft, where future flight attendants familiar during practice. Matzpen experts teach hosting on foreign aircraft, GUSTSGAU - at home, gradually opening up new foreign models. Therefore, even if you have the opportunity to receive a specialty on its own initiative and at their own expense (without application airline), remember that the employment and training in the field of aviation tightly interconnected. Firstly, surely you can not know what type of aircraft is oriented employer, and on what specific open positions. Therefore, it is likely that, even with a degree profile, the practical part will have to take place again. However, skilled attendants during the transition to a different type of aircraft are also being retrained. Second, find the right job is not so easy. It is necessary to keep abreast of events airlines. And during the search the knowledge and skills can be forgotten or loss.

Training to take 18 years, theoretical course lasts about three months, the bottom - two days. Future of flight attendants is a brief 90-hour English course - mastered enough vocabulary to communicate in flight. You can pull up and the level of Ukrainian. But the basis of a program of training - action in an emergency. After the pilot is in the cockpit and cabin crew - in the cabin. The evacuation of the passengers - the task of the flight attendants. And how quickly it happens (it about 1-3 minutes), it depends very much. The so-called "emergency training" are all means of transport (emphasis - air type). However, as the pre-medical. Sometimes, during a very successful flight the passenger becomes ill. Especially for such cases on board there is oxygen,

There in the center and training on the water. Leased pool which students practice tested survival in case of a forced landing on water. Prospective flight attendants learn to use rafts and jackets, to help passengers. Another component of the program - fire training. Flight attendants are instructed in case of force majeure.

During the theoretical course, students study international law and traditions of different peoples. For example, starting to work, the flight attendants can not be unaware that, for example, in Muslim countries should behave discreetly as possible, so as not to offend immodest appearance or behavior of the religious feelings of believers. Abroad airplane - the property of Ukraine, her face. And the crew behavior in many ways forms the country's international image.

Employment in the service sector in many respects difficult: there are different customers. And on board it is possible to hear hurtful words, and even insults. But the response - totally unacceptable. Therefore, part of the course deals with a variety of psychological techniques and tactics.

The school day at the center lasts 6 hours, 2 of which are reserved for independent work, consolidate knowledge and skills. At the end of training - examination and approval to fly. Inexperienced passengers flight attendants immediately, of course, do not trust, so after training is provided 30 hours of flight instruction.

In the future, we will always have to confirm the professionalism. On average, once every six months to organize airline employees credit or exam. And every two years, the flight attendants are sent to refresher courses. So, podnatorev can become an instructor and himself.